File.



PATENTED DEC. 12, 1905.

A. VERNAZ.

FILE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 24, 1905.

ALEXIS VERNAZ, OF YVERDON, SWITZERLAND.

FILE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 12, 1905.

Application filed May 24, 1905. Serial No. 262,055.

or arcs the centers of which coincide with the axis of the file and the bases or chords of which are rearwardly disposed with respect to the cutting edges of the teeth.

In the drawings, Figure 1 illustrates a face view of a file provided with teeth embodying the main features of my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional view on line A B of Fig. 1.

The file herein shown is provided with a main body portion in which the teeth are formed and a reduced end portion provided with a handle. The teeth a are shown in the form of arcs or segments extending entirely across the working face of the file, the radii being equal and the centers coincident with the axis of the file. The bases or chords of the arcs are located rearwardly with respect to the cutting edge of the teeth. Thus the comminuted particles or filings will be discharged rearwardly with respect to the direction of the filing stroke, it being well understood that the operating or filing stroke is made in the direction in which the cutting edges of the teeth project. In the embodiment shown the filing stroke would be in the direction'indicated by the arrow. By means of this construction a full and effective discharge for the comminuted filings is provided, rendering the file substantially self-cleaning.

In filing the workman rarely strokes the surface in a plane coincident or parallel with the axis of the file, but usually at an angle thereto. If the teeth of the file are cut in straight lines arranged either at right angles or at other than ri ht angles to the axis of the file, the angular filing movement will result with the surface operated on than the other in a greater resistance of one side of the file.

side. In other words, certain portions of the teeth will engage the surface to be filed more actively than others. This results in a tendency of the file to depart sidewise from its course or the direction of the stroke in a manner known in the shop as chasing. This sidewise movement of the file requires that the operator overcome not only the usual resistanceof the filing operation, but also the tendency of the file to chase. Furthermore, in a file that has the foregoing defect the parts of the teeth which first and most actively engage the material are the first to wear down, thereby rendering the file ineflicient and sometimes useless when the teeth are only partially worn off. With teeth formed according to the present invention there is always a cutting-surface presented at right angles to any probable angularity of stroke. Thus the normal tendency to chase is prevented. Furthermore, the filing-surfaoe is uniformly active in engaging the material. Therefore no one portion of the file can be prematurely worn off. This, added to the self-cleaning feature, constitutes a construction combining features of special advantage.

While I have herein shown a file wherein the radii of the teeth are e ual, it will be understood that I do not wis to be limited to this precise feature of construction, as the advantages of the invention could be realized if the radii were unequal so long as the centers are coincident with the axis of the file and the bases of the arcs are rearwardly located with respect to the cutting edge of the teeth.

Having now described my invention, I claim as new and wish to secure by Letters Patent 1 1. Afile provided with teeth out in the form of arcs havin equal radii the centers of which coincide wit the axis of the file.

2. A file provided with teeth out in the form of arcs having their centers coincident with the axis of the file.

3. A file provided with teeth out in the form of arcs having their centers coincident with the axis of the file and the bases of the arcs located rearwardly with respect to the cutting edges of the teeth.

4. A file provided with teeth out in the form of arcs having their bases located rear- In testimony whereof I have signed my wardly with respect to the cutting edge of name to this specification in the presence of 10 the teeth. two subscribing witnesses.

v 5. A file provided with teeth cut in the 5 form of arcs having equal radii, the centers of which coincide with the axis of the file, the Witnesses:

bases of said arcs being rearwardly disposed ARMAND PERRELET,

with respect to the cutting edge of the teeth. PHILIPPE BEGUIN.

ALEXIS VERNAZ. 

